Fifth Property of the Euclidean Metric

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(New page: For a list of points <math>\{x_\ell\in\mathbb{R}^n,\,\ell\!=\!1\ldots N\}</math> in Euclidean vector space, distance-square between points <math>x_i</math> and <math>x_j</math> is defined ...)
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Revision as of 13:02, 13 October 2007

For a list of points LaTeX: \{x_\ell\in\mathbb{R}^n,\,\ell\!=\!1\ldots N\} in Euclidean vector space, distance-square between points LaTeX: x_i and LaTeX: x_j is defined

LaTeX: \begin{array}{rl}d_{ij} \!\!&=\,\|x_i-_{}x_j\|^2 ~=~(x_i-_{}x_j)^T(x_i-_{}x_j)~=~\|x_i\|^2+\|x_j\|^2-2_{}x^T_i\!x_j\\\\ &=\,\left[x_i^T\quad x_j^T\right]\left[\begin{array}{*{20}r}\!I&-I\\\!-I&I\end{array}\right] \left[\!\!\begin{array}{*{20}c}x_i\\x_j\end{array}\!\!\right] \end{array}

Euclidean distance must satisfy the requirements imposed by any metric space:

Template:Harvtxt

  • LaTeX: \sqrt{d_{ij}}\geq0\,,~~i\neq j (nonnegativity)
  • LaTeX: \sqrt{d_{ij}}=0\,,~~i=j (self-distance)
  • LaTeX: \sqrt{d_{ij}}=\sqrt{d_{ji}} (symmetry)
  • LaTeX: \sqrt{d_{ij}}\,\leq\,\sqrt{d_{ik_{}}}+\sqrt{d_{kj}}~,~~i\!\neq\!j\!\neq\!k (triangle inequality)

where LaTeX: \sqrt{d_{ij}} is the Euclidean metric in LaTeX: \mathbb{R}^n.

Fifth property of the Euclidean metric

(Relative-angle inequality.)

Augmenting the four fundamental Euclidean metric properties in LaTeX: \mathbb{R}^n, for all LaTeX: i_{},j_{},\ell\neq k_{}\!\in\!\{1\ldots_{}N\}_{\,}, LaTeX: i\!<\!j\!<\!\ell\,\,, and for LaTeX: N\!\geq_{\!}4 distinct points LaTeX: \{x_k\}_{\,}, the inequalities

LaTeX: \begin{array}{cc} |\theta_{ik\ell}-\theta_{\ell kj}|~\leq~\theta_{ikj\!}~\leq~\theta_{ik\ell}+\theta_{\ell kj}\quad\quad&{\rm(a)}\\ \theta_{ik\ell}+\theta_{\ell kj}+\theta_{ikj\!}\,\leq\,2\pi\quad\quad&{\rm(b)}\\ 0\leq\theta_{ik\ell\,},\theta_{\ell kj\,},\theta_{ikj}\leq\pi\quad\quad&{\rm(c)} \end{array}

where LaTeX: \theta_{ikj}\!=_{}\!\theta_{jki} is the angle between vectors at vertex LaTeX: x_k, must be satisfied at each point LaTeX: x_k regardless of affine dimension.


References

Retrieved from "http://www.convexoptimization.com/wikimization/index.php/Fifth_Property_of_the_Euclidean_Metric"
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